Draft guidance outlines how “artificial pancreas” could change lives for type 1 diabetes
Around 105,000 living with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales could be offered hybrid closed loop systems to help them manage the condition
New technology could be offered to people with type 1 diabetes to help them control the condition – often described as like an “artificial pancreas”.
Around 105,000 people with type 1 diabetes could benefit from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) draft recommendation.
In draft guidance, an independent NICE committee has recommended the use of hybrid closed loop systems for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes.
Recent NHS trials of the technology in use has provided figures which has allowed NICE to consider wider use of the technology which allows a person with type 1 diabetes to go about their day-to-day life without having to monitor if their blood glucose levels are too high or too low.
If type 1 diabetes is not well controlled, people are at risk of long-term complications of hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels), including blindness, amputations, or kidney problems.
The hybrid closed loop system is made up of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor attached to the body. This sends information to an insulin pump, worn on the body. This uses the figures to run a mathematical calculation and work out how much insulin needs to be delivered into the body to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range.
NICE has recommended that the technology should be offered to people who are unable to control their type 1 diabetes despite using an insulin pump, or real-time or intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, if their long-term average blood glucose levels are showing they are at risk of long-term complications. That is, an average HbA1c reading of 8.0% or more. The NICE guideline recommends people should aim for a HbA1c level of 6.5% or lower to minimise the risk of long-term complications from diabetes.
People with type 1 diabetes who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy are also eligible under the draft guidance, because blood glucose levels are harder to manage during this time.
In total, around 105,000 people in England and Wales could be offered the technology.
The draft recommendations also require NHS England to agree a cost-effective price for the systems on behalf of relevant health bodies. At present an average annual cost for the technology is £5,744, which is higher than what NICE considers a cost-effective use of NHS resources.
Mark Chapman, interim director of Medical Technology at NICE, said: “Some people living with type 1 diabetes struggle to manage their condition, even though they are doing everything asked of them by their diabetes team. This technology is the best intervention to help them control their diabetes, barring a cure.
“At a time when the number of people with diabetes is rising, we have to focus on what matters most to people who use NHS services by balancing recommending the best care with value for money.
“Our committee has reviewed the real-world data generated by the NHS and evidence generated by randomised controlled trials which show there are clear benefits of recommending the technology’s use. We look forward to working with NHS England and industry to ensure a cost-effective price can be reached which is fair to taxpayers.”
Professor Partha Kar OBE, National Specialty Advisor for Diabetes at NHS England, said: “This technology has been proven to give the best control for managing type 1 diabetes and should make things like amputations, blindness, and kidney problems possibly a thing of the past.
“We have seen fantastic results from the real-world trials which have taken place and thank you to NICE for their review of the evidence and subsequent conclusions. The quality of life this technology gives to those using it is huge.
“We look forward to working with industry colleagues to help ensure this technology can be made available to those who need it.”
Helen Whately MP, Minister of State in the Department for Health and Social Care, said: “People living with type 1 diabetes face the constant stress of needing to monitor their blood glucose levels – sometimes multiple times a day – just to stay healthy and avoid complications. This new technology could ease the burden on patients and allow them to manage their condition more easily.
“We are determined to harness the latest innovative technology to improve outcomes for patients, reduce serious complications and ultimately ease pressure on the NHS. We look forward to seeing the outcome of the consultation.”
The standard care for type 1 diabetes at present involves regularly measuring blood glucose levels by using finger-prick blood testing or by using a continuous glucose monitor (real-time or intermittently scanned).
Blood glucose levels are managed with multiple daily insulin injections or by using a pump to inject insulin under the skin.
It is estimated that approximately 278,000 people in England and Wales are living with type 1 diabetes.
In type 1 diabetes, a person’s blood glucose level becomes too high (hyperglycaemia) because there is no, or very little, production of insulin by the pancreas. Blood glucose levels can only be regulated by giving insulin to prevent hyperglycaemia which is when a person’s blood glucose level becomes too high and could result in blindness, amputations, or kidney problems.
A consultation has begun on the draft recommendations and consultees can have their say using the feedback documents here until Tuesday, 31st January 2023.
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